ORAL ATLAS — ATTRIBUTION, LICENSES AND MODIFICATIONS ================================================== DELIVERABLES oral-anatomy.glb: selected oral and adjacent anatomy, 265 named components. oral-atlas.html: independently authored offline viewer, embedding that model, with optional external reference viewers requiring an internet connection. structures.json: selected source names, Korean labels and descriptions, categories, and geometric metadata. README.html / DETAILS.html: English and Korean usage, scope, and verification documentation, with English as the default and a persistent language switch. pelvis-male.glb / pelvis-male-structures.json: the whole male body without the inner ear, 2,593 named components: 2,486 from Z-Anatomy, the brain (74) from BodyParts3D 4.0, 30 spinal cord segments from the HRA (Visible Human Male) and 3 authored schematic structures (website page pelvis-male.html; CC BY-SA 4.0 like the head model). pelvis-female.glb / pelvis-female-structures.json: the whole female body, 1,044 named components from the HuBMAP Human Reference Atlas 3D reference organs (with the Allen Human Reference Atlas brain), the University of Denver Visible Human Female musculoskeletal models, the BoneHub Visible Human Female CT bone models and TotalSegmentator segmentations of the Visible Human Female CT (website page pelvis-female.html; CC BY 4.0, see TRUNK AND LIMB PAGES). Structure names and descriptions of both files are English only. These pages and models are not part of the offline ZIP; the file names keep the earlier "pelvis" names so existing links work. SELECTED ANATOMICAL MODEL The adapted anatomical model is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0): https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ Legal code: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode Retain attribution, link the license, identify changes, and license adaptations under the same license. No endorsement by the source authors is implied. REQUIRED ATTRIBUTIONS (verbatim wording) "BodyParts3D - The Database Center for Life Science - CC-BY-SA 2.1 Japan" "Z-Anatomy - The open source atlas of anatomy - CC-BY-SA 4.0" "Cranial Nerves and Foramina - by University of Dundee, CAHID - CC-BY 4.0" (head model; also the cranial nerves on the whole male body page, from the same Z-Anatomy file) "BodyParts3D, © The Database Center for Life Science licensed under CC Attribution-Share Alike 2.1 Japan" "BodyParts3D, © The Database Center for Life Science licensed under CC Attribution 4.0 International" (BodyParts3D 4.0: levator and tensor veli palatini only) "3D reference organs, Visible Human Female (VH_F) - HuBMAP Human Reference Atlas, CCF 3D Reference Object Library - CC BY 4.0" (female page only: thoracic, abdominal and pelvic organs, larynx, vertebrae, spinal cord, pelvic bones and vessels; knee menisci, patellar ligament, quadriceps tendon and anterolateral ligament) "3D Models of the Visible Human Female - Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, University of Denver (T. E. Andreassen, D. R. Hume, L. D. Hamilton, K. E. Walker, S. E. Higinbotham, K. B. Shelburne) - CC BY 4.0" (female page only: hip, thigh and leg muscles, lower-limb bones, joint cartilage and knee ligaments) "Visible-Human-3d-Models - Seyed Hamidreza Alavi and Malte Asseln, BoneHub, University of Twente (doi:10.57967/hf/10464) - CC BY 4.0" (female page only: clavicles, scapulae, arm, forearm and hand bones, ribs and sternum; derived from the University of Denver aligned CT, credited above) "Visible Human Project CT data - Courtesy of the U.S. National Library of Medicine" "TotalSegmentator - J. Wasserthal et al., Radiology: Artificial Intelligence 5(5), e230024 (2023) - Apache-2.0" (female page only: 74 structures segmented from the Visible Human Female CT; TotalSegmentator is based on nnU-Net, F. Isensee et al., Nature Methods 18, 203-211 (2021)) SOURCES BoneHub, Visible Human Full-Skeleton 3D Bone Models (Visible-Human-3d-Models): https://huggingface.co/datasets/BoneHub/visible-human-3d-models (doi:10.57967/hf/10464); license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ University of Denver, 3D Models of the Visible Human Female (final 3D models): https://digitalcommons.du.edu/visiblehuman/1/ (doi:10.56902/COB.vh.2022.1), described in Andreassen et al., Sci Data 10, 34 (2023), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01905-2; license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ HuBMAP Human Reference Atlas, CCF 3D Reference Object Library: https://github.com/hubmapconsortium/ccf-3d-reference-object-library and the reference organ digital objects https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/ (https://humanatlas.io/3d-reference-library); license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The female brain in it is the Allen Human Reference Atlas 3D (Allen Institute for Brain Science; Ding et al., J Comp Neurol 524, 3127-3481, 2016) as placed by the HRA. BodyParts3D: https://lifesciencedb.jp/bp3d/ Z-Anatomy: https://www.z-anatomy.com/ GLB distribution: https://github.com/nqwrc/3d-anatomy Source models: public/models/ in the above repository. Original Z-Anatomy Blender anatomy: https://github.com/Z-Anatomy/Models-of-human-anatomy BodyParts3D 3.0_95 original OBJ archive: https://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/data/bodyparts3d/20110915/BodyParts3D_3.0_obj_95.zip Historical source geometry converted to binary STL by Kevin Mattheus Moerman: https://github.com/Kevin-Mattheus-Moerman/BodyParts3D That repository retains CC BY-SA 2.1 Japan for these historical geometry files; its separate software MIT license is not asserted as the anatomy data license. Original BodyParts3D publication: https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkn613 BodyParts3D 4.0 (isa_BP3D_4.0_obj_99), CC BY 4.0: https://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/en/bodyparts3d/download.html License: https://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/en/bodyparts3d/lic.html Simplified copy used (meshoptimizer, 0.2% relative error per structure): https://github.com/ashemag/human-atlas (commit 1c38bf35c254a891200d3cedecfd57abebe83d8d, public/models/). Its MIT license covers that project's software; the anatomy data keeps CC BY 4.0. CC BY 4.0 material may be included in this CC BY-SA 4.0 adaptation with its attribution retained. MODEL ADAPTATIONS - Selected 233 oral and adjacent structures from seven anatomy systems: skeletal, visceral, muscular, nervous, cardiovascular, lymphatic and joints. Fourteen named nerve branches were later separated from six of them and four named artery branches from two, giving 251 named structures; ten more structures were later added from the same source (below), giving 261; four palate muscles were then added from BodyParts3D 4.0 (below), giving 265. - Combined them in one glTF 2.0 GLB; omitted unselected structures. The current 21,876,824-byte GLB uses lossless EXT_meshopt_compression and requires a compatible viewer/importer. No quantization or lossy filter was used. Decoded floating-point attributes and triangle winding were verified unchanged. - Applied the original Z-Anatomy Blender author's render-subdivision settings to 17 structures. This refines smoothness without adding measured microanatomy. - Registered 18 higher-resolution published BodyParts3D 3.0_95 whole-tooth surfaces to their corresponding atlas teeth, using one rotation, uniform scale and translation per tooth, with no nonrigid warping or new sculpting. Their triangle total increases from 28,520 to 137,716. Left counterparts use bilateral reflection matching the existing Z-Anatomy construction. - Later registered the BodyParts3D 3.0_95 surface FMA55705 to the outer crown and root surface (1,836 triangles) of both lower first molars in the same way (uniform scale 1.0311; RMS 0.017 mm, sampled maximum 0.097 mm) and replaced only that surface: the original Dentine surface and inner enamel shell are kept unchanged inside it. With these, 20 registered teeth total 155,352 triangles (32,192 before). - Preserved the original meshes of the 8 teeth not replaced and the tongue (343 vertices / 682 triangles); they do not pass the registration gate against BodyParts3D, which has no tongue or third molars in version 3.0. The four trigeminal nerve roots retain their prior geometry in the later surface refinement. - Transferred source-atlas crown/root material roles to upgraded teeth by nearest-surface correspondence. These visual material regions do not establish separately measured enamel, dentin, cementum, pulp or periodontal layers. - Retained English anatomical identities (za_name), existing anatomical placement, and source material roles, except for the one side correction below; supplied independently written Korean labels, short descriptions, category identifiers, detail-source metadata and measured bounds. Original structure-definition prose was not reused. - Corrected one side labelling inherited from the source. The atlas frame has +x toward the patient's left, and every other paired structure lies on its named side, but the lateral temporomandibular ligament named .l lay on the patient's right (bounds centre x about -53.2 mm, touching the mandible and right-side structures only) and the one named .r on the left. The two named GLB nodes exchanged their placement (translation, mirroring and mesh reference), so each ligament now carries the name, Korean label and description of the side it lies on. Mesh data and every primitive are byte-identical; bounds and nearby lists were updated. npm run check now fails if any .l structure lies at x <= 0 or any .r at x >= 0. - The surface update refines 100 structure geometries: 80 native source curves (26 nerves, 36 arteries and 18 veins) and 20 lymphatic/tonsillar structures. Curve control points, handles, radii, branches and world transforms remain unchanged. Lymphatic surfaces receive two Catmull-Clark subdivision levels. - In that surface update, 132 structure geometries were unchanged, including all 28 teeth and the four trigeminal nerve roots. Tissue materials and UV texture coordinates were supplied for 104 structures, including those four roots without geometry changes. - Added the original Z-Anatomy sphenoid bone (3,650 vertices / 7,308 triangles) with bone and suture material roles. A higher-resolution BodyParts3D 3.0 FMA52736 surface was registered with one rotation, uniform scale and translation but not used: against the Z-Anatomy surface its RMS was 0.73 mm, 95th percentile 1.37 mm and maximum 7.6 mm, beyond the dental registration gate. - Separated 14 named nerve branches (seven per side) from the existing maxillary, inferior alveolar and facial nerve spline surfaces: infraorbital nerve, incisive nerve, and the temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular and cervical branches of the facial nerve. Every original triangle is kept exactly once; flat caps close the cut ends where the maxillary and facial nerve trunks are divided. The source splines are unnamed, so these branch identities are an interpretation of their course (described in DETAILS.html), not separately sourced anatomy. All other structure geometries are unchanged. - Separated 4 named artery branches (two per side) from the maxillary artery by moving whole unnamed source splines: the middle superior alveolar artery (the spline leaving the infraorbital artery in its groove, with its twigs) and the dental branches of the posterior superior alveolar artery (the spline descending over the maxillary tuberosity, with its twigs). No spline was cut and every original triangle is kept exactly once; the names are an interpretation of the splines' course. - Added 10 structures from the same Z-Anatomy Blender file after a registration check: frontalis, the orbital and palpebral parts of orbicularis oculi, platysma and the vagus nerve (X), each on both sides. Eight reference structures read from that file coincide with the GLB within 0.006 mm after the fixed axis conversion, so no fitting was applied. Each muscle is a closed surface with at most 0.1% lying more than 0.5 mm inside bone, no more than the existing facial muscles (up to 3.0%). Frontalis and platysma are clipped at the atlas region box and capped, so the model bounds and centre are unchanged. The vagus nerve uses the atlas nerve-curve construction; its trunk is cut where it leaves the atlas region. Every earlier primitive is byte-identical. Styloglossus and palatoglossus have no source mesh; they are drawn only as schematic paths (below). - Added levator and tensor veli palatini, both sides, from BodyParts3D 4.0 (simplified copy above). BodyParts3D 4.0 is not in the atlas frame, so one similarity transform (scale 0.9831, 0.34 degrees of rotation beyond the fixed axis conversion) was fitted jointly on nine neighbouring structures (sphenoid, maxillae, temporal bones, palatopharyngeus, superior pharyngeal constrictors), which then lie within a median 0.24-0.49 mm of the atlas surfaces (RMS at most 1.23 mm). Each muscle is a closed surface with 0-2.2% lying more than 0.5 mm inside bone (existing nearby muscles: 0-4.2%). Model bounds and centre are unchanged and every earlier primitive is byte-identical. Korean labels and descriptions are original. - Current model: 265 named structures, 922,089 vertices and 1,723,532 triangles. - Nearby-structure lists store closest-surface distances and approximate contact areas computed from this geometry. They are not clinical measurements. - An optional schematic layer (src/schematic-data.json, generated by tools/schematic/derive.mjs) draws structures the source does not model: the superior alveolar, palatine and nasopalatine nerves, the lingual and sublingual arteries and the maxillary sinus. The paths follow landmarks of this adapted model (companion arteries, nerve trunks, root apices and bone surfaces). They are illustrative, are not measured anatomy, and are not part of the GLB or the structure count. - The viewer changes display colors, illumination, gloss, opacity and clipping. Browse structures translates complete structures into ten category boards with adjacent left/right pairs, preserving each structure's scale and shape. These runtime display changes do not alter the downloadable GLB; Anatomy restores the assembled anatomical placement. The bilingual viewer and documentation provide English/Korean presentation without changing the original source names or third-party notices. - Display shading is not a claim of photoreal tissue color, microscopic surface measurement or patient-specific clinical accuracy. TRUNK AND LIMB PAGES (WEBSITE) Whole male body (pelvis-male.glb): read directly from the original Z-Anatomy Startup.blend (Blender 3.5, SHA-256 9f08a17ea0115fed80b2a73ecdf0a1bc2ab2f6956f37c593ce23d513ea35afcd), the same file and fixed axis conversion as the head model, not from the nqwrc distribution. It contains no Z-Anatomy kidney, inner-ear or brain component (see SCOPE OF UPSTREAM LICENSE NOTICES); its brain is from BodyParts3D 4.0 (below). Changes: - Selected 2,486 structures of the whole body in a region box (x -340 to 340 mm, y 0 to 1,720 mm, z -140 to 145 mm), none of them cut: the head (skull bones, ear ossicles, paranasal sinuses and ethmoidal cells, nasal cartilages and mucosa, nasopharynx, 28 teeth, jaw joints and ligaments, facial, scalp, masticatory, tongue and extraocular muscles, tarsal plates, temporal and masseteric fasciae, pituitary, eyes and lacrimal apparatus, tympanic membrane and auditory tube, tongue, gingiva, soft palate, parotid and sublingual glands and ducts, cranial nerves I-VIII with the trigeminal branches, cerebral, ophthalmic, maxillary and facial arteries, dural venous sinuses and facial veins, facial lymph nodes and palatine tonsils), the neck (hyoid, cervical vertebrae, larynx with its cartilages, membranes and muscles, pharyngeal constrictors, oropharynx and laryngopharynx, thyroid and submandibular glands, platysma, sternocleidomastoid, suprahyoid, infrahyoid, scalene, prevertebral, suboccipital and deep back muscles, investing cervical fascia, carotid, vertebral, facial and jugular vessels, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory and hypoglossal nerves, cervical nodes), the thorax (ribs, costal cartilages, sternum, thoracic vertebrae and their joints and ligaments, intercostal muscles, diaphragm, heart with chambers, valves and papillary muscles, lungs in lobes, pleura, trachea and bronchi, great, coronary and pulmonary vessels, thymus, oesophagus, vagus nerves, sympathetic trunks, lymph nodes), the pectoral girdle and both upper limbs (clavicles, scapulae, humerus, radius, ulna and the bones of the hand; the shoulder, elbow, radio-ulnar, wrist and hand joints with their capsules, ligaments, bursae and tendon sheaths; pectoral, shoulder, upper back, arm, forearm and hand muscles, fasciae and retinacula; axillary, brachial, radial, ulnar, palmar and digital vessels; the brachial plexus with its nerves to the fingers; axillary and cubital nodes), the abdomen (stomach, duodenum, liver, gallbladder, bile duct, pancreas, spleen, suprarenal glands, omenta, colon, abdominal-wall and back muscles, abdominal vessels and nodes), the pelvis and both lower limbs (bones, joints, ligaments, menisci, bursae, tendon sheaths, muscles, tendons, fasciae, retinacula, vessels, nerves and lymph nodes); 1,549 original meshes and 937 Bezier curves (vessels, nerves, ducts, bronchi, small intestine). - Left out for their licences: the Z-Anatomy brain (cortex, white matter, basal ganglia, diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum, ventricles, cranial-nerve nuclei, falx, tentorium and pineal gland) - the model notice lists the "Brainder" and "White matter" models among its sources with no licence and does not mark which brain objects came from them, so no brain object is used - and the cochlea, vestibule and the cochlear nerve mesh, adapted from "Anatomy of the Inner Ear - by University of Dundee School of Medicine - CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0". The cranial nerves are Z-Anatomy curves; the notice also credits "Cranial Nerves and Foramina - by University of Dundee, CAHID - CC-BY 4.0", whose adaptation into CC BY-SA is permitted with this credit. - Left out: the kidneys, renal pelves and intrarenal arteries and veins (Z-Anatomy adapted its kidney from "Kidney - by Lissie Cowley - CC-BY-NC 4.0", which cannot be offered under CC BY-SA 4.0; the renal arteries and veins therefore end at the hilum); the eight Couinaud segments of the liver, which overlap the whole-liver surface by 1-3 mm; the schematic spinal-cord cross-section and its path curve; the parathyroid glands (flat nine-vertex placeholders, 0.15-0.25 mm thick); in the head the zonular fibres (two faces), two unnamed septal arterial curves, the eyeball's drawing helpers (equator, meridians, ciliary-body and zonular curves) and the medullary path curve; objects without usable faces (the zona orbicularis, conoid ligament, thoracic intertransverse ligaments, the articular discs of the sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints, the posterior tibiotalar, lateral talocalcaneal and intercuneiform ligaments, the tendon sheath of the extensor hallucis longus, the intertubercular tendon sheath and the tendon sheaths of the flexor carpi radialis, flexor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus and extensor digiti minimi); the intercornual ligaments and the radioscaphocapitate, triquetrocapitate and ulnotriquetral ligaments of the wrist (two flat faces each), the triradiate cartilage, and five ankle and foot ligaments that are flat four-vertex placeholders (anterior and posterior talofibular, calcaneofibular, dorsal calcaneocuboid, plantar calcaneonavicular). - Meshes keep their original vertices and triangles; closed surfaces were oriented outward and given smooth vertex normals. The box holds the whole body, so no mesh or curve is cut. Curves were drawn as tube surfaces with the head model's construction (bevel depth x point radius, 20 radial and 18 per-segment samples), keeping only the samples needed for the tube path and radius to stay within 0.05 mm of the sampled curve (the kept samples are original curve samples). - Renamed source objects: the middle cerebral artery segments, spelled "M3 segment" and "M3-segment" on the two sides, as M1, M2 and M3; the two lateral temporomandibular ligaments, which carry each other's side suffix, by position; the doubled dot of the posterior lateral nasal branches of the sphenopalatine artery and the brackets of the accessory parotid gland removed; Left/Right testicular artery and vein to the side-suffix convention; "Descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery" (right side, no suffix) and the left "Iliocostalis colli muscle" to their side-suffixed names; the trapezius parts by position (the source labels them the other way round; the lower part from the thoracic spines is the ascending part and the upper part from the occiput the descending part); a second "Inferior vein of left ventricle" with a placeholder suffix as "(second)"; and four bowel objects by position and shape: "Sigmoid colon" (from the end of the sigmoid loop to the pelvic floor) as Rectum, "Descending colon" as Descending and sigmoid colon, "Ascending colon" as Caecum and ascending colon, and the curve "Jejunum" as Jejunum and ileum. Wrote English labels and descriptions (the labels call the source's "fingers of foot" toes and its numbered "fingers of hand" thumb, index, middle, ring and little finger). - The viewer draws the low-polygon genital, urinary, digestive, heart, lung, lymph-node, bursa, meniscus and fat-pad meshes with PN-triangle smoothing through their original vertices and starts with the platysma and the fasciae (including the investing cervical, deltoid, brachial, antebrachial and dorsal hand fasciae), the chest and abdominal walls, the pleura, the pericardium, the greater omentum and the small intestine faded; the GLB is unchanged by either. Authored schematic structures on the whole male body page (pelvis-male.glb): the pericardium and the right and left phrenic nerves are in neither Z-Anatomy nor BodyParts3D, so they were drawn for this atlas (no source model) and fitted to the page's Z-Anatomy structures; they are shared with the page under CC BY-SA 4.0. Their shape and course are illustrative, not measured; the records carry "schematic": true and the viewer marks them "Schematic". - Pericardium: a closed sac about 3 mm outside the heart chambers and the roots of the ascending aorta, pulmonary trunk, venae cavae and pulmonary veins, bridged across the clefts between them and pressed in around the lateral pericardial nodes (1 mm voxel offset, closing, Gaussian smoothing, marching cubes, quadric simplification to 25,920 triangles). - Phrenic nerves: 1.1 mm-radius tubes along smoothing splines through waypoints on the front of the anterior scalene, behind the subclavian vein and in front of the subclavian artery, beside the brachiocephalic vein and superior vena cava (right) or over the aortic arch (left), then on the lateral surface of the schematic pericardium into the diaphragm. Spinal cord on the whole male body page (pelvis-male.glb): from the HuBMAP Human Reference Atlas, spinal-cord-male v1.1 (3d-vh-m-spinal-cord.glb, Visible Human Male; CC BY 4.0, see SOURCES), placed with VH_Male/v1.2/VH_M_Vertebrae.glb from the CCF 3D Reference Object Library. Changes: - Selected the 30 segments C1 to S5 with their original triangles. - Fitted each HRA vertebra to the Z-Anatomy vertebra of the same name (similarity ICP with its neighbours; mean surface distance 1.2-2.3 mm) and moved every cord vertex with a blend of the two vertebrae bracketing its height; then centred the cord in the Z-Anatomy dural sac slice by slice (median shift 5.0 mm, at most 8.1 mm). Where the Z-Anatomy dural sac is narrower than the cord (cervical enlargement, upper thoracic levels) the cord passes it by up to 4.0 mm. - Wrote English labels and descriptions. CC BY 4.0 material may be included in this CC BY-SA 4.0 page with this credit. Tested and not used on the male page: the BodyParts3D 4.0 kidneys (FJ3145, FJ3147) and the HRA Visible Human Male kidneys (kidney-male-left/right v1.3); neither fits the renal vessels and neighbouring organs of the Z-Anatomy body. Brain on the whole male body page (pelvis-male.glb): from BodyParts3D 4.0 (isa_BP3D_4.0_obj_99, original OBJ files), "BodyParts3D, (c) The Database Center for Life Science licensed under CC Attribution 4.0 International" (https://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/en/bodyparts3d/download.html; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). CC BY 4.0 material may be included in this CC BY-SA 4.0 page with this credit. Changes: - Selected 74 elements: the cortical gyri and lobes as BodyParts3D divides them, the insula, cerebral white matter, corpus callosum, fornix and its commissure, hippocampus, amygdala, caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, thalamus and its stria medullaris, hypothalamus, pineal body, the ventricles, cerebral aqueduct and choroid plexus, midbrain, cerebral peduncles, pons, medulla oblongata and cerebellum. Left out: the tentorium cerebelli (its edge lies 11.7 mm from the page's straight sinus). - Moved all of them by one similarity transform (uniform scale 0.974, rotation 0.06 degrees, translation) fitted by ICP of the BodyParts3D frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal and sphenoid bones onto the Z-Anatomy bones of the page (median distance 0.13 mm); the bones themselves are not used. Vertices and triangles are otherwise unchanged; closed surfaces were oriented outward and given smooth vertex normals. - Wrote record names with .l/.r by position ("Left half of" for the midline structures BodyParts3D splits in two) and English descriptions. Female trunk and pelvis (pelvis-female.glb): adapted from the HuBMAP Human Reference Atlas, CCF 3D Reference Object Library (CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/): https://github.com/hubmapconsortium/ccf-3d-reference-object-library (commit f1a3a63f110e27ff0736047d52d04dba5d3087f9), files VH_Female/v1.2/ VH_F_Pelvis, VH_F_Vertebrae, VH_F_Spinal_Cord, VH_F_Uterus, VH_F_Vagina, VH_F_Ovary_L/R, VH_F_Fallopian_Tube_L/R, VH_F_Ligaments_Uterus_Ovaries, VH_F_Urinary_Bladder, VH_F_Ureter_L/R, VH_F_Kidney_L/R, SBU_F_Intestine_Large, VH_F_Small_Intestine, VH_F_Liver, VH_F_Gallbladder, VH_F_Biliary_Tree, VH_F_Pancreas, VH_F_Spleen, VH_F_Heart, VH_F_Lung, VH_F_Thymus, VH_F_Knee_L/R, VH_F_Ligaments_Knee_L/R, VH_F_Muscles_Knee_L/R (.glb) and VH_Female/v1.4/3d-vh-f-blood-vasculature.glb. Changes: - Selected 337 named parts of the trunk: the heart (chambers, septum, papillary muscles, valves), the lungs in their twenty bronchopulmonary segments with the hila, the trachea, carina, bronchi and their cartilages, the thymus, the liver capsule and peritoneal ligaments, gallbladder, bile and pancreatic ducts, pancreas, duodenum, spleen surfaces, kidneys (fibrous capsule, cortex, renal columns, pyramids, hilum), colon, small intestine, the pelvic organs and ligaments, hip bones, sacrum, coccyx, C7, the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, the spinal cord in segments from C8 to S4, and the aorta, venae cavae and the thoracic, abdominal and pelvic vessels; and 20 parts of the neck: C1 to C6, the spinal cord segments C1 to C7 and the thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, corniculate and epiglottic cartilages (from VH_F_Lung). Kept their original vertices, triangles and normals in the source frame (no registration), except where noted below. No selected HRA part crosses the region box (x -250 to 250 mm, y -910 to 725 mm, z -190 to 70 mm, from the feet to the skull base), so none is cut. - Left out: the liver segments and surface areas (they coincide with the liver capsule) and the lobar subdivisions of the pulmonary hila (they duplicate the hilum surfaces). Joined the two source pieces of each branch of the aortic arch into one surface. - Named the parts from their node identifiers with sides from position; named the two round ligaments by position (the source labels them the other way round), the part labelled "abdominal ostium of uterine tube", which lies at the uterine horns, as the uterine openings of the tubes, the node VH_F_superior_rectal_vein (labelled "superior rectal artery") as the vein, the papillary muscles of the heart by position (the source's medial one of the right ventricle as septal), and the ventral and dorsal pancreatic ducts as the main and accessory ducts. Wrote English labels and descriptions; assigned categories and materials. - The viewer starts with the small intestine and the ascending and descending colon faded; the GLB is unchanged by it. Female hip, thigh, leg and foot (same GLB): adapted from the University of Denver Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, 3D Models of the Visible Human Female, final 3D STL models (CC BY 4.0; see SOURCES). Changes: - Selected 124 parts, 62 on each side: 38 pelvic-wall, gluteal, hip, thigh and leg muscles; the femur, patella, tibia, fibula, the seven tarsal bones and the file "Phalanges" (which also holds the metatarsals, named for both); the cartilage of the hip, knee and ankle; the cruciate and collateral ligaments of the knee. Removed stray pieces of fewer than 10 vertices from three files. The DU hip bones, sacrum and coccyx were used only for the fit. - Placed them in the HRA frame by one similarity transform (scale 1.041) fitted between the DU hip bones, sacrum and coccyx and the HRA compact hip-bone layers, sacrum and coccyx (mean surface distance 1.6 to 1.9 mm, coccyx 3.1). - Where a DU muscle or cartilage overlapped an HRA bone, moved its vertices to 0.1 mm outside the bone with a smooth falloff (at most 1.9 mm). Where an HRA ligament, vein, bowel loop or the right kidney passed through a DU muscle, moved the HRA vertices out of the muscle in the same way (at most 11 mm, 18 parts; the right kidney capsule and cortex at most 3.4 mm) and recomputed their normals. The upper psoas was moved off the HRA lumbar vertebrae in the same way (at most 1.8 mm). - None of the parts crosses the region box, so none is cut; wrote English labels and descriptions (noting where a leg muscle's tendon is not in the source). Female knee (same GLB): from the HRA knee files listed above, 10 parts: the medial and lateral menisci (one source mesh per knee, split into its two pieces and named by position), the patellar ligament, the tendon of the quadriceps femoris and the anterolateral ligament of each knee. Changes: - Placed each knee by its own similarity transform fitted between the HRA distal femur, patella, proximal tibia and fibula and the DU bones of the page (scale 0.981 and 0.984, rotation 8.0 and 11.0 degrees, mean surface distance 1.0 to 1.4 mm). The HRA knee bones were used only for the fit; the HRA cruciate and collateral ligaments, which the DU models have, are not used. - Moved their vertices out of the DU bones and knee cartilage to 0.1 mm outside with a smooth falloff (at most 3.4 mm) and recomputed their normals; overlaps of at most 0.3 mm remain where the menisci lie between the femoral and tibial cartilage. Female shoulders, arms, hands and chest wall (same GLB): adapted from BoneHub, Visible Human Full-Skeleton 3D Bone Models (S. H. Alavi and M. Asseln, University of Twente; CC BY 4.0; see SOURCES), segmented from the University of Denver aligned CT of the Visible Human Female; files visible_human_3d_models/CT/Mesh/02_Female/ UPPER_EXTREMITY_LEFT/RIGHT, HAND_LEFT/RIGHT and THORAX (.stl). Changes: - Selected 71 bones: on each side the clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, the eight carpal bones, the five metacarpals and the phalanges of each finger (one surface per finger in the source, named for the whole), and the twelve ribs; and the sternum (one surface for its three parts in the source). The BoneHub vertebrae, sacrum, hip bones and femurs were used only for the fit. - Welded the STL vertices and computed area-weighted normals of the full surface; simplified each bone within 0.05 mm of its surface (meshoptimizer, absolute error; 1,916,120 to 421,150 triangles), the kept vertices keeping their positions and normals. - Placed them in the HRA frame by one similarity transform fitted between the BoneHub C7 and thoracic vertebrae and the HRA vertebrae of the page (scale 0.997, mean surface distance 0.8 mm; 1.2 to 2.4 mm from L1 to the sacrum, which were not fitted), as both come from the same specimen. - Wrote English labels and descriptions. As the BoneHub documentation notes, the CT does not fully cover the elbows, so the distal humeri and the proximal radii and ulnae are incomplete (said in their descriptions), and the costal cartilages are not segmented, so the ribs end short of the sternum. Female head, breasts, intervertebral discs and further organs (same GLB): adapted from the HuBMAP Human Reference Atlas reference organ digital objects (https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/, CC BY 4.0): mouth-female v1.0 (3d-vh-f-mouth.glb), eye-female-left/right v1.3, brain-female v1.4 (3d-allen-f-brain.glb: the Allen Human Reference Atlas 3D brain of an adult female donor, Allen Institute for Brain Science, as placed by the HRA in the Visible Human Female), intervertebral-disk-female v1.0, mammary-gland-female-left/right v1.1, omentum-female v1.0, epiploic-appendage-of-transverse-colon-female v1.0 and renal-pelvis-female-left/right v1.0; and from BoneHub (see above), files visible_human_3d_models/CT/Mesh/02_Female/SKULL/SKULL_CRANIAL_MAXILLA and SKULL_MANDIBLE (.stl). Changes: - Selected 406 HRA parts: 21 of the mouth, 23 of each eye, 268 brain regions and the optic chiasm, 24 intervertebral discs with their nuclei pulposi, 8 parts of each breast, the greater omentum, the epiploic appendages, the two renal pelves and the two palatine tonsils (palatine-tonsil-female-left/ right v1.2); and the BoneHub cranium (with the maxillae, one surface) and mandible. Left out: the HRA skin (posed with the arms raised; it does not match the bones of the page), six Allen regions of 6-9 vertices, and the Allen frontal pole, frontomarginal gyrus, atrium of the lateral ventricle and posteroventral putamen of both sides, whose positions contradict their names (label-position check of every region against its lobe or parent). - Simplified the HRA parts within 0.05 mm (meshoptimizer; 4,548,099 to 1,170,098 triangles) and the skull within 0.05 mm (907,232 to 135,598 triangles); kept vertices keep their positions and the normals of the full surface. The HRA parts share the page's frame and were not moved, except the brain (below). - Placed the skull by a similarity fit of BoneHub C1-C3 onto the HRA C1-C3 of the page (mean surface distance 0.6-0.8 mm), and closed the mandible, which is slightly open in the CT, onto the HRA lower teeth and gingiva by one rigid fit (5.7 degrees; condyles 0.2-0.4 mm from the mandibular fossae). - Fitted the Allen brain into the cranial cavity of this skull by one similarity transform (scale 0.919, rotation 0.4 degrees, translation 2.5 mm; cortex beyond the inner table 9.5% -> 0.7%). - Named the parts in English with descriptions; the Allen regions by position (the file labels their hemispheres the other way round), midline Allen structures as left and right halves, the discs by the two vertebrae each joins. - The female GLB and its metadata are offered under CC BY 4.0. No endorsement by HuBMAP, the HRA, the Allen Institute, the University of Denver, BoneHub, the University of Twente or the model creators is implied. Female body, CT-segmented structures (same GLB): segmented by TotalSegmentator 2.18 (https://github.com/wasserth/TotalSegmentator; code and the open-licence tasks used here under Apache-2.0; https://doi.org/10.1148/ryai.230024) from the Visible Human Female normal CT, courtesy of the U.S. National Library of Medicine (https://data.lhncbc.nlm.nih.gov/public/Visible-Human/, files Female-Images/radiological/normalCT c_vf1001-c_vf1985 with their headers; NLM Terms and Conditions, https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/terms_and_conditions.html). Changes: - Resampled exam 370 (head to upper thighs, 1 mm slices) to a 1 mm grid and ran the tasks "total", "headneck_muscles", "head_muscles", "headneck_bones_vessels", "oculomotor_muscles" and "abdominal_muscles" (the last in three blocks overlapping by 100 mm, joined in the middle of each overlap) on the CPU. - Fitted the segmented bones to the bones of the page by similarity fits per region (mean surface distance 0.7-2.5 mm) and carried every structure by a distance-weighted blend of these fits; trimmed each where it met a structure already on the page (contact within 1 mm allowed). - Kept 74 of 96 structures: those with at most 25% of their volume and at most 8 mm of depth overlapping the page, both sides of a pair (for the air spaces inside the skull the skull itself was not counted, and at least half had to lie inside it); left out the masseter, medial pterygoid, superior oblique, levator palpebrae, thyrohyoid, external acoustic meatus, iliac arteries, nasal cavities, nasopharynx and pericardium (outer 2 mm of the segmented sac) (over the limits), the digastric and the oropharynx (incomplete) and the superior pharyngeal constrictor (nothing left after trimming). Smoothed the abdominal-muscle masks along the body axis and closed holes of up to 6 cm2 in the latissimus dorsi and trapezius sheets. - Extracted surfaces by marching cubes from the lightly smoothed masks, smoothed them (Taubin) and simplified them within 0.2 mm (meshoptimizer; 3,234,414 to 169,028 triangles); named them from the TotalSegmentator classes with English descriptions, stating where a muscle is only partly segmented (rectus abdominis to L5, erector spinae and transversospinalis to T3, serratus anterior to T4) and that only the lower costal cartilages were found. No endorsement by the NLM or the TotalSegmentator authors is implied. Both pages: nearby-structure lists computed as for the head model. They are general reference anatomies, not patient scans or clinically validated models. ILLUSTRATIVE SURFACE DETAIL The default Realistic tissue display adds independently authored procedural surface shading in the viewer: bone pores, enamel and root tones, muscle, tendon and ligament fibres, tongue papillae, gingival stippling, mucosa and gland lobules, computed at display time from 3D noise without UV maps, plus nerve-sheath grain, subtle vessel-wall texture and fibrous lymph-node capsule texture. Atlas colors restores the category-color display. Fibre directions follow each mesh's dominant direction or simplified textbook layouts; they are not measured fibre orientation. The nerve exterior remains sheathed; no bare braids, invented capillary networks or raised lymphoid follicles are added. These surface patterns and their optical appearance are illustrative, not scan-derived microanatomy or measurements of tissue color and material. Existing Z-Anatomy anatomy supplies the routes, branches and placement of the nerves and vessels. Denser curve tessellation or capsule smoothing refines the existing representation; it is not new measured anatomy. No new scan was used for these surface details, and no patient-specific realism is guaranteed. No individual lymph-node hilum was added because its orientation is unmeasured. The downloadable GLB embeds 12 independently authored procedural PNG maps: color, normal and roughness for nerves, arteries, veins and lymphatic tissues. These material maps are part of this adaptation and contain no copied source photographs. Normal maps affect surface lighting, not anatomical geometry. The viewer offers Realistic tissue and Atlas colors; changing the runtime display mode does not modify the downloadable GLB file. DENTAL GEOMETRY VERIFICATION Registration comparisons use 12,000 deterministic area-weighted surface samples in each direction and nearest-triangle distances against the existing atlas. Across the accepted 20 surfaces, the greatest per-direction RMS is 0.019924 mm, the greatest 95th percentile is 0.041844 mm, and the greatest sampled distance is 0.128253 mm (all rounded upward). These measure agreement with the existing atlas, not agreement with a patient, and do not prove a continuous Hausdorff bound. Candidates exceeding the 0.2 mm maximum-sample gate were not integrated. Per-structure metrics and source part IDs are included in structures.json. SCOPE OF UPSTREAM LICENSE NOTICES The complete upstream repository has a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 distribution notice, which is retained unmodified as UPSTREAM-DISTRIBUTION-LICENSE.txt. That notice identifies the inner-ear and kidney models as the sources of its NonCommercial restriction and expressly describes redistribution of the remaining model subset under CC BY-SA 4.0 after those components are removed. This selected subset excludes all kidney, inner-ear and brain meshes, including the named "Kidney", "Anatomy of the Inner Ear", "Brainder" and "White matter" components. The whole male body page (pelvis-male.glb, read from the Z-Anatomy Blender file, whose License.txt names the same models) excludes them in the same way: its kidneys, renal pelves and intrarenal vessels, its cochlea, vestibule and cochlear nerve mesh and all its brain objects are left out (the brain on that page is BodyParts3D 4.0, CC BY 4.0). The kidneys on the female page are HRA files under CC BY 4.0, not Z-Anatomy. No license is asserted here for the excluded components. The full upstream notices remain available for provenance and must not be read as a claim that every component named in those notices is present in this subset. The nqwrc application code, build configuration and structure-definition text were not copied into the viewer. The following source files accompany this attribution unchanged: - UPSTREAM-MODEL-LICENSE.txt (upstream public/models/License.txt) - UPSTREAM-NOTICE.txt (upstream NOTICE) - UPSTREAM-DISTRIBUTION-LICENSE.txt (upstream LICENSE) HISTOLOGY MICROGRAPHS (VIEWER) The Histology section of the viewer shows light micrographs from Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org). Each image keeps its own licence (CC0, public domain, CC BY or CC BY-SA, as listed); it is not part of the GLB models and is not covered by their licences. Changes: resized to at most 720 px and re-encoded as JPEG with the metadata removed (public/histology/); not otherwise altered. Captions were written for this atlas. - histology/tooth-ground-section.jpg: "Crosssectiontooth11-24-05.jpg" by Dozenist, CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/), https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Crosssectiontooth11-24-05.jpg - histology/compact-bone.jpg: "Compact bone histology 2014.jpg" by Athikhun.suw, CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/), https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Compact_bone_histology_2014.jpg - histology/visual-cortex.jpg: "Visual cortex - low mag.jpg" by Nephron, CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/), https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Visual_cortex_-_low_mag.jpg - histology/cerebellum.jpg: "Cerebellum - biel - very high mag.jpg" by Nephron, CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/), https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cerebellum_-_biel_-_very_high_mag.jpg - histology/lung-alveoli.jpg: "Alveolar sac.JPG" by Jpogi, CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/), https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alveolar_sac.JPG - histology/trachea.jpg: "2308 The Trachea-b.jpg" by OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology, CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2308_The_Trachea-b.jpg - histology/liver-portal-triad.jpg: "Portal triad.JPG" by Reytan (Department of Histology, Jagiellonian University Medical College), edited by T-310, CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/), https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portal_triad.JPG - histology/small-intestine.jpg: "Small intestine low mag.jpg" by Nephron, CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/), https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Small_intestine_low_mag.jpg - histology/colon-crypts.jpg: "Micrograph of normal large intestinal crypts.jpg" by Rathore S, Iftikhar MA, Chaddad A, et al. (Cancers 2019; 11:1700), CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Micrograph_of_normal_large_intestinal_crypts.jpg - histology/oesophagus.jpg: "Tinción hematoxilina-eosina.jpg" by Samir (English Wikipedia), CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/), https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tinci%C3%B3n_hematoxilina-eosina.jpg - histology/stomach-fundus.jpg: "Histology of normal fundic mucosa.png" by Carrasco G, Corvalan AH (Gastroenterol Res Pract 2013; 393015), CC BY 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Histology_of_normal_fundic_mucosa.png - histology/pancreas-islet.jpg: "Langerhanssche Insel.jpg" by Polarlys, CC BY 2.5 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/), https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Langerhanssche_Insel.jpg - histology/gallbladder.jpg: "Gallbladder - intermed mag.jpg" by Nephron, CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/), https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gallbladder_-_intermed_mag.jpg - histology/cardiac-muscle.jpg: "Glanzstreifen.jpg" by Dr. S. Girod, Anton Becker, CC BY 2.5 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/), https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Glanzstreifen.jpg - histology/skeletal-muscle.jpg: "Muscle Tissue Skeletal Muscle Fibers (28089113308).jpg" by Berkshire Community College Bioscience Image Library, CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/), https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Muscle_Tissue_Skeletal_Muscle_Fibers_(28089113308).jpg - histology/nerve.jpg: "Nervous Tissue Nerve Bundle (40106758500).jpg" by Berkshire Community College Bioscience Image Library, CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/), https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nervous_Tissue_Nerve_Bundle_(40106758500).jpg - histology/artery-vein.jpg: "Arteries vs veins identify.png" by RWhitwam (adapted from a University of Michigan mesentery slide), CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/), https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arteries_vs_veins_identify.png - histology/kidney-tubules.jpg: "Epithelial Tissues Simple Cuboidal Epithelium (41681552432).jpg" by Berkshire Community College Bioscience Image Library, CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/), https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Epithelial_Tissues_Simple_Cuboidal_Epithelium_(41681552432).jpg - histology/hyaline-cartilage.jpg: "Histology of articular cartilage zones.jpg" by Bautista CA, Park HJ, Mazur CM, Aaron RK, Bilgen B (PLOS ONE 2016; 11:e0158976), CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/), https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Histology_of_articular_cartilage_zones.jpg - histology/elastic-cartilage.jpg: "Connective Tissue Elastic Cartilage (41855667361).jpg" by Berkshire Community College Bioscience Image Library, CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/), https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Connective_Tissue_Elastic_Cartilage_(41855667361).jpg - histology/lymph-node.jpg: "Lymphknoten (Schwein).jpg" by Gleiberg, CC BY-SA 2.0 de (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/de/deed.en), https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lymphknoten_(Schwein).jpg - histology/thyroid.jpg: "Thyroid-histology.jpg" by Uwe Gille, CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/), https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thyroid-histology.jpg - histology/parotid.jpg: "WVSOM Parotid Gland1.JPG" by Wbensmith, CC BY 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WVSOM_Parotid_Gland1.JPG - histology/tongue.jpg: "Human tongue (251 09) Section.jpg" by Josef Reischig, CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/), https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Human_tongue_(251_09)_Section.jpg - histology/testis.jpg: "Seminiferous tubule and sperm low mag.jpg" by Nephron, CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/), https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Seminiferous_tubule_and_sperm_low_mag.jpg - histology/epididymis.jpg: "Epididymis high mag.jpg" by Nephron, CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/), https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Epididymis_high_mag.jpg - histology/prostate.jpg: "Histology of normal prostate.jpg" by Mikael Häggström, M.D., CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/), https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Histology_of_normal_prostate.jpg - histology/ovary-follicle.jpg: "Human ovarian follicle.jpg" by Jpogi, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Human_ovarian_follicle.jpg - histology/endometrium.jpg: "Proliferative phase endometrium -- high mag.jpg" by Nephron, CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/), https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Proliferative_phase_endometrium_--_high_mag.jpg - histology/pineal.jpg: "Pineal gland - intermed mag.jpg" by Nephron, CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/), https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pineal_gland_-_intermed_mag.jpg RUNTIME SOFTWARE three.js 0.180.0 and its OrbitControls / GLTFLoader modules, MIT License: https://threejs.org/ https://github.com/mrdoob/three.js See THREE-LICENSE.txt for the complete notice. meshoptimizer 1.3.0 (Meshopt decoder), MIT License: Copyright (c) 2016-2026 Arseny Kapoulkine See MESHOPTIMIZER-LICENSE.txt for the complete, unmodified notice. fflate 0.8.2 (gzip decompression, included through the three.js bundle), MIT: Copyright (c) 2023 Arjun Barrett See FFLATE-LICENSE.txt for the complete, unmodified notice. The viewer embeds the model as gzip data and includes its Meshopt decoder; the bundled base atlas remains usable offline. The downloadable GLB requires EXT_meshopt_compression support. Draco was used only to decode source assets during preparation; its decoder is not included in the runtime viewer. OPTIONAL EXTERNAL REFERENCES (NOT PART OF THE GLB) 1. "Pharynx and Floor of Mouth" University of Dundee, Technology and Innovation in Learning Team (TILT). Medical artist: Eve Laws. Anatomist: Luke Reid. https://www.dundee.ac.uk/tilt/medical-illustration/parapharyngeal-space https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/pharynx-and-floor-of-mouth-b262c70bf9bd49c2a5428581b754f24b CT reconstruction plus digital sculpting, 1,037,531 faces per provider metadata. CC BY-NC-SA 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Shown as a separate provider-hosted public embed; not downloaded, adapted, spatially merged, or redistributed within oral-anatomy.glb. 2. "Upper Left Second Molar" Queen Mary University of London, Institute of Dentistry; MuCAT / Graham Davis. https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/upper-left-second-molar-cd766135210449ad87110dbeefa93af0 https://www.qmul.ac.uk/dentistry/people/profiles/grahamdavis.html Extracted tooth micro-CT specimen, 789,151 faces per provider metadata. The checked provider metadata supplies no download license and marks the model as not downloadable. No Creative Commons reuse license is asserted. Public embed only; no geometry was downloaded or included in the GLB. 3. "Lymphatic system: anatomy of a lymph node" E-learning UMCG. https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/lymphatic-system-anatomy-of-a-lymph-node-cc6896de8309441aabcefecb2d3f9b50 https://sketchfab.com/eLearningUMCG Educational cross-section model for medical-student teaching, 191,842 triangles per provider metadata; no oral-node scan provenance is supplied. CC BY-NC-SA 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Separate provider-hosted public embed only. Its geometry is not downloaded, adapted, aligned to atlas nodes or redistributed in oral-anatomy.glb. These independent references are not aligned patient data for the assembled atlas. They remain subject to their providers' terms and availability. The optional external embeds require internet; the bundled base atlas does not. ANATOMICAL REFERENCE OpenStax, Anatomy and Physiology 2e, section 23.3: https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/23-3-the-mouth-pharynx-and-esophagus Surface-appearance anatomy references (no images or source text reproduced): Aparicio & Monje, Human Schwann Cells in vitro I: https://bio-protocol.org/en/bpdetail?id=4748&type=0 University of Leeds, The Histology Guide, Veins: https://histology.leeds.ac.uk/home/circulatory/veins/ Columbia University, Lymph Nodes: https://histologylab.ctl.columbia.edu/lab08/lymph-nodes/ These references inform illustrative choices, not measured texture generation or patient-specific validation. The source anatomical data are provided as-is without warranty. This is a general educational anatomical model, not a patient-specific reconstruction or a clinically validated model. Tongue papillae, taste buds, many intrinsic or small structures and complete microscopic dental tissue layers remain absent. ========================================================================== 한국어 — 저작자 표시, 라이선스 및 변경 내역 ========================================================================== 아래는 이 문서의 자체 작성 설명을 한국어로 옮긴 것입니다. 필수 저작자 표시, 제3자 자료의 제목, 라이선스 이름과 URL은 원문을 유지합니다. 별도 파일로 제공한 원본 라이선스·고지 문서는 수정하거나 번역하여 대체하지 않았습니다. 제공 파일 oral-anatomy.glb: 구강과 인접 부위에서 선택한 이름별 구조 265개. oral-atlas.html: 위 모델을 내장한 자체 제작 오프라인 탐색기이며, 선택 기능인 외부 참고 뷰어를 사용할 때는 인터넷 연결이 필요합니다. structures.json: 선택한 원본 이름, 한국어 이름·설명, 분류 및 형상 메타데이터. README.html / DETAILS.html: 영어·한국어 사용 안내, 범위 및 검증 문서입니다. 영어가 기본 언어이며 언어 전환 선택을 저장합니다. 선택한 해부 모델 편집한 해부 모델은 Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)으로 배포합니다. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ 라이선스 전문: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode 저작자 표시를 유지하고 라이선스를 연결하며, 변경사항을 표시하고 파생물에도 같은 라이선스를 적용해야 합니다. 원저작자의 보증이나 추천을 암시하지 않습니다. 필수 저작자 표시 — 원문 그대로 "BodyParts3D - The Database Center for Life Science - CC-BY-SA 2.1 Japan" "Z-Anatomy - The open source atlas of anatomy - CC-BY-SA 4.0" "Cranial Nerves and Foramina - by University of Dundee, CAHID - CC-BY 4.0" "BodyParts3D, © The Database Center for Life Science licensed under CC Attribution-Share Alike 2.1 Japan" "BodyParts3D, © The Database Center for Life Science licensed under CC Attribution 4.0 International" (BodyParts3D 4.0: 입천장올림근·입천장긴장근에만 해당) 출처 BodyParts3D: https://lifesciencedb.jp/bp3d/ Z-Anatomy: https://www.z-anatomy.com/ GLB 배포본: https://github.com/nqwrc/3d-anatomy 원본 모델 위치: 위 저장소의 public/models/. Z-Anatomy 원본 Blender 해부 모델: https://github.com/Z-Anatomy/Models-of-human-anatomy BodyParts3D 3.0_95 원본 OBJ 압축 파일: https://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/data/bodyparts3d/20110915/BodyParts3D_3.0_obj_95.zip Kevin Mattheus Moerman이 바이너리 STL로 변환한 기존 형상 자료: https://github.com/Kevin-Mattheus-Moerman/BodyParts3D 이 저장소는 해당 과거 형상 파일에 CC BY-SA 2.1 Japan을 유지합니다. 별도의 소프트웨어 MIT 라이선스를 해부 데이터의 라이선스로 주장하지 않습니다. BodyParts3D 원 논문: https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkn613 BodyParts3D 4.0(isa_BP3D_4.0_obj_99), CC BY 4.0: https://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/en/bodyparts3d/download.html 라이선스: https://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/en/bodyparts3d/lic.html 사용한 단순화 사본(meshoptimizer, 구조별 상대 오차 0.2%): https://github.com/ashemag/human-atlas (커밋 1c38bf35c254a891200d3cedecfd57abebe83d8d, public/models/). 그 프로젝트의 MIT 라이선스는 소프트웨어에 적용되며, 해부 데이터는 CC BY 4.0을 유지합니다. CC BY 4.0 자료는 저작자 표시를 유지한 채 이 CC BY-SA 4.0 파생물에 포함할 수 있습니다. 모델 변경사항 - 골격, 내장, 근육, 신경, 심혈관, 림프, 관절의 7개 해부 계통에서 구강 및 인접 구조 233개를 선택했습니다. 이후 그중 6개에서 이름 붙은 신경 가지 14개를, 2개에서 이름 붙은 동맥 가지 4개를 분리하여 이름별 구조는 251개가 되었고, 이후 같은 원본에서 구조 10개를 추가하여(아래 참조) 261개가 되었고, 이어 BodyParts3D 4.0에서 입천장 근육 4개를 추가하여(아래 참조) 265개입니다. - 선택한 구조를 하나의 glTF 2.0 GLB로 통합하고 나머지 구조를 제외했습니다. 현재 GLB는 21,876,824바이트로 무손실 EXT_meshopt_compression을 사용하며 호환 뷰어·가져오기 도구가 필요합니다. 양자화·손실 필터는 사용하지 않았습니다. 디코딩 후 부동소수점 속성값과 삼각형 정점 순서의 보존을 확인했습니다. - 17개 구조에 원래 Z-Anatomy Blender 제작자의 렌더용 세분화 설정을 적용했습니다. 곡면을 매끄럽게 하며, 측정한 미세 해부 구조를 새로 추가하지 않습니다. - 공개된 BodyParts3D 3.0_95의 더 촘촘한 전체 치아 표면 18개를 해당 아틀라스 치아에 정합했습니다. 치아별로 회전, 균일 배율, 이동을 한 번씩 적용했으며, 비강체 변형이나 새 조각 작업은 하지 않았습니다. 해당 치아의 삼각형 합계는 28,520개에서 137,716개로 늘었습니다. 왼쪽 대응 구조는 기존 Z-Anatomy의 양측 대칭 구성에 맞춰 반사했습니다. - 이후 BodyParts3D 3.0_95 표면 FMA55705를 아래턱 첫째큰어금니 양쪽의 바깥 치관·치근 표면(삼각형 1,836개)에 같은 방식으로 정합하고(균일 배율 1.0311, RMS 0.017 mm, 최대 표본점 0.097 mm) 그 표면만 교체했습니다. 원본 Dentine 표면과 안쪽 법랑질 껍질은 그 안에 그대로 둡니다. 이로써 정합한 치아 20개의 삼각형은 155,352개입니다(이전 32,192개). - 교체하지 않은 치아 8개와 혀(정점 343개 / 삼각형 682개)는 원본 메시를 유지합니다. BodyParts3D와의 정합 기준을 통과하지 못했으며, 3.0판에는 혀와 사랑니가 없습니다. 이후 표면 개선에서도 삼차신경 뿌리 네 개는 이전 형상을 유지합니다. - 원본 아틀라스의 치관·치근 재질 역할을 가장 가까운 표면의 대응 관계를 이용해 개선한 치아에 옮겼습니다. 이러한 시각적 재질 영역은 법랑질, 상아질, 백악질, 치수 또는 치주 조직층을 각각 측정하여 구성했음을 뜻하지 않습니다. - 영문 해부학 식별자(za_name), 기존 해부 위치와 원본 재질 역할을 유지했습니다 (아래의 좌우 수정 한 건 제외). 자체 작성 한국어 이름·간단한 설명, 분류 식별자, 세부 출처 메타데이터와 측정한 경계를 추가했습니다. 원본의 구조 정의 문장은 재사용하지 않았습니다. - 원본에서 이어받은 좌우 이름 하나를 바로잡았습니다. 아틀라스 좌표계에서 +x는 인체 왼쪽이며 다른 모든 짝 구조는 이름에 적힌 쪽에 있지만, .l로 이름 붙은 가쪽턱관절인대는 인체 오른쪽(경계 중심 x 약 -53.2 mm, 아래턱뼈와 오른쪽 구조에만 맞닿음)에, .r로 이름 붙은 인대는 왼쪽에 있었습니다. GLB에서 이름 붙은 두 노드의 배치(이동, 거울상 변환, 메시 참조)를 맞바꾸어 이제 각 인대는 실제로 놓인 쪽의 이름·한국어 이름·설명을 갖습니다. 메시 데이터와 모든 primitive는 바이트 단위로 같으며, 경계와 주변 구조 목록을 갱신했습니다. 이제 npm run check는 .l 구조가 x <= 0에 있거나 .r 구조가 x >= 0에 있으면 실패합니다. - 이번 표면 업데이트는 원본 곡선 80개(신경 26개·동맥 36개·정맥 18개)와 림프절·편도 구조 20개, 총 100개의 형상을 다듬습니다. 곡선의 제어점·핸들· 반지름·분지·월드 변환은 그대로이며 림프조직 표면에는 Catmull-Clark 세분화 두 단계를 적용했습니다. - 그 표면 업데이트에서 구조 132개의 형상은 변하지 않았으며 치아 28개와 삼차신경 뿌리 네 개가 여기에 포함됩니다. 조직 재질과 UV 질감 좌표는 104개 구조에 적용했고, 신경 뿌리 네 개는 형상 변화 없이 이 재질·UV 업데이트만 받았습니다. - 원본 Z-Anatomy 나비뼈(정점 3,650개 / 삼각형 7,308개)를 뼈·봉합 재질 역할과 함께 추가했습니다. 더 촘촘한 BodyParts3D 3.0 FMA52736 표면을 회전·균일 배율·이동으로 정합해 보았으나 Z-Anatomy 표면과의 RMS 0.73 mm, 95백분위 1.37 mm, 최대 7.6 mm로 치아 정합 기준을 넘어 사용하지 않았습니다. - 기존 위턱신경·아래이틀신경·얼굴신경의 스플라인 표면에서 이름 붙은 신경 가지 14개(좌우 각 7개)를 분리했습니다: 눈확아래신경, 앞니신경, 얼굴신경의 관자가지·광대가지·볼가지·아래턱모서리가지·목가지. 원래 삼각형은 모두 정확히 한 번씩 유지되며, 위턱신경과 얼굴신경 줄기를 나눈 자리만 평평한 마개로 닫았습니다. 원본 스플라인에는 이름이 없으므로 가지의 이름은 주행 경로에 따른 해석이며(DETAILS.html 참조) 별도 출처의 해부 자료가 아닙니다. 그 밖의 구조 형상은 변하지 않았습니다. - 위턱동맥에서 이름 붙은 동맥 가지 4개(좌우 각 2개)를 이름 없는 원본 스플라인 단위로 옮겨 분리했습니다: 중간위이틀동맥(눈확아래고랑에서 눈확아래동맥을 떠나는 스플라인과 잔가지)과 뒤위이틀동맥 치아가지(위턱뼈결절을 따라 내려가는 스플라인과 잔가지). 스플라인을 자르지 않았고 원래 삼각형은 모두 정확히 한 번씩 유지되며, 이름은 스플라인 주행 경로에 따른 해석입니다. - 같은 Z-Anatomy Blender 파일에서 정합 검사를 통과한 구조 10개를 추가했습니다: 좌우 이마근, 눈둘레근 눈확부분·눈꺼풀부분, 넓은목근, 미주신경(제10뇌신경). 같은 파일에서 읽은 기준 구조 8개가 고정된 축 변환 후 GLB와 0.006 mm 이내로 일치하므로 따로 맞추지 않았습니다. 각 근육은 닫힌 표면이며 뼈 안쪽 0.5 mm보다 깊은 부분이 최대 0.1%로 기존 얼굴근육(최대 3.0%)을 넘지 않습니다. 이마근과 넓은목근은 아틀라스 범위 상자에서 자르고 마개로 닫아 모델 경계와 중심이 바뀌지 않습니다. 미주신경은 아틀라스 신경 곡선과 같은 방식으로 만들었고 줄기는 아틀라스 범위를 벗어나는 곳에서 잘랐습니다. 기존 primitive는 모두 바이트 단위로 같습니다. 붓혀근과 입천장혀근은 원본 메시가 없어 모식도 경로로만 그립니다(아래). - BodyParts3D 4.0(위의 단순화 사본)에서 좌우 입천장올림근과 입천장긴장근을 추가했습니다. BodyParts3D 4.0은 아틀라스 좌표계와 다르므로 주변 구조 9개 (나비뼈, 위턱뼈, 관자뼈, 입천장인두근, 위인두수축근)에 하나의 닮음 변환(배율 0.9831, 고정된 축 변환 외 회전 0.34도)을 함께 맞췄고, 그 결과 이 구조들은 아틀라스 표면과 중앙값 0.24-0.49 mm(RMS 최대 1.23 mm) 이내에 놓입니다. 각 근육은 닫힌 표면이며 뼈 안쪽 0.5 mm보다 깊은 부분은 0-2.2%입니다(주변 기존 근육: 0-4.2%). 모델 경계와 중심은 바뀌지 않았고 기존 primitive는 모두 바이트 단위로 같습니다. 한국어 이름과 설명은 자체 작성했습니다. - 현재 모델: 이름별 구조 265개, 정점 922,089개, 삼각형 1,723,532개. - 주변 구조 목록에는 이 형상에서 계산한 표면 간 최단 거리와 대략적인 접촉 면적을 저장합니다. 임상 측정값이 아닙니다. - 선택 사항인 모식도 레이어(src/schematic-data.json, tools/schematic/derive.mjs 로 생성)는 원본에 없는 위이틀신경·입천장신경·코입천장신경, 혀동맥·혀밑동맥, 위턱굴을 그립니다. 경로는 이 파생 모델의 기준점(동행 동맥, 신경 줄기, 치근 끝, 뼈 표면)을 따릅니다. 설명용 그림이며 실측 해부 구조가 아니고, GLB와 구조 수에 포함되지 않습니다. - 탐색기는 화면의 색상, 조명, 광택, 불투명도와 절단 표시를 바꿉니다. 구조 탐색에서는 온전한 구조를 10개 유형의 보드로 이동시키며, 좌우 쌍을 나란히 배치하고 각 구조의 크기와 형상을 유지합니다. 이러한 실행 중 화면 변화는 다운로드하는 GLB를 바꾸지 않습니다. 해부 위치는 조립된 해부 위치를 복원합니다. 탐색기와 문서는 원본 이름·제3자 고지를 변경하지 않고 영어와 한국어로 표시합니다. - 화면 음영은 사진 수준의 조직색, 미세 표면 측정 또는 개인별 임상 정확도를 재현했다는 주장이 아닙니다. 표현용 표면 디테일 기본 실제 조직 질감 표시는 탐색기에서 자체 제작한 절차적 표면 음영을 적용합니다. 뼈의 미세공, 법랑질·치근 색조, 근육·힘줄·인대의 결, 혀 유두, 잇몸 점묘, 점막과 샘 소엽을 UV 맵 없이 3D 노이즈로 화면 표시 시점에 계산하며, 신경집 결, 은은한 혈관벽 질감과 림프절 섬유성 피막 질감도 적용합니다. 아틀라스 색상은 분류별 색상으로 전환합니다. 근섬유 방향은 메시의 주된 방향이나 단순화한 교과서적 배열을 따르며 측정한 근섬유 방향이 아닙니다. 신경은 피막으로 덮인 외형을 유지하며 노출된 꼬임 다발, 임의의 모세혈관망이나 솟은 림프소절을 추가하지 않습니다. 표면 무늬와 광학 표현은 예시용이며 스캔에서 얻은 미세 해부 구조나 조직색·재질의 측정값이 아닙니다. 신경·혈관의 경로, 분지와 위치는 기존 Z-Anatomy 해부 자료를 따릅니다. 곡선 메시의 밀도를 높이거나 피막을 매끄럽게 하는 작업은 기존 표현을 다듬는 것이며 새로 측정한 해부 구조가 아닙니다. 이 표면 디테일에는 새 스캔을 사용하지 않았으며 특정 사람과 똑같은 사실성을 보증하지 않습니다. 각 림프절의 문 방향을 측정하지 않았으므로 임의의 문을 추가하지 않았습니다. 다운로드 GLB에는 자체 제작한 절차적 PNG 맵 12개가 포함됩니다. 신경·동맥· 정맥·림프조직 유형마다 색상·노멀·거칠기 맵을 제공합니다. 이 재질 맵은 이번 편집물의 일부이며 원본 사진을 복제하지 않았습니다. 노멀 맵은 표면 조명에 영향을 주며 해부 형상을 추가하지 않습니다. 탐색기는 실제 조직 질감과 아틀라스 색상을 제공하며, 실행 중 표시 모드를 바꾸어도 다운로드 GLB가 수정되지는 않습니다. 치아 형상 검증 정합 비교에는 각 방향으로 12,000개의 결정론적 면적 가중 표면 표본점과 기존 아틀라스에 대한 최근접 삼각형 거리를 사용했습니다. 채택한 20개 표면에서 방향별 RMS의 최댓값은 0.019924 mm, 95백분위의 최댓값은 0.041844 mm, 최대 표본점 거리는 0.128253 mm입니다. 모두 위로 반올림한 값입니다. 이는 기존 아틀라스와의 일치도를 나타내며 환자와의 일치도를 뜻하지 않습니다. 연속 표면 전체에 대한 하우스도르프 거리 상한도 증명하지 않습니다. 최대 표본점 거리 0.2 mm 기준을 넘은 후보는 통합하지 않았습니다. 구조별 측정값과 원본 부위 ID는 structures.json에 포함되어 있습니다. 원본 라이선스 고지의 적용 범위 원본 저장소 전체에는 CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 배포 고지가 있습니다. 이를 수정하지 않고 UPSTREAM-DISTRIBUTION-LICENSE.txt로 유지했습니다. 이 고지는 내이와 신장 모델을 비영리 제한의 출처로 명시하고, 해당 구성요소를 제거하면 나머지 모델을 CC BY-SA 4.0으로 재배포할 수 있음을 설명합니다. 이번 선택 모델에는 신장, 내이, 뇌 메시를 포함하지 않았습니다. 제외된 구성요소는 "Kidney", "Anatomy of the Inner Ear", "Brainder", "White matter"를 포함합니다. 여기서는 제외한 구성요소의 라이선스를 주장하지 않습니다. 원본 고지는 출처 확인을 위해 온전히 제공하며, 고지에 언급된 모든 구성요소가 이번 선택 모델에 포함된다는 뜻으로 해석해서는 안 됩니다. nqwrc의 앱 코드, 빌드 설정과 구조 정의 텍스트는 탐색기에 복사하지 않았습니다. 다음 원본 파일을 변경 없이 함께 제공합니다. - UPSTREAM-MODEL-LICENSE.txt: 원본 public/models/License.txt - UPSTREAM-NOTICE.txt: 원본 NOTICE - UPSTREAM-DISTRIBUTION-LICENSE.txt: 원본 LICENSE 조직학 현미경 사진(탐색기) 탐색기의 조직학 항목은 위키미디어 공용(https://commons.wikimedia.org)의 광학현미경 사진을 보여 줍니다. 각 사진은 위 영문 목록에 적은 고유 라이선스(CC0, 퍼블릭 도메인, CC BY, CC BY-SA)를 그대로 따르며 GLB 모델과 그 라이선스에 포함되지 않습니다. 변경: 가장 긴 변 720 px 이하로 줄이고 메타데이터를 지운 JPEG로 다시 저장했으며 (public/histology/), 그 밖에는 바꾸지 않았습니다. 설명문은 이 아틀라스를 위해 썼습니다. 실행에 사용하는 소프트웨어 three.js 0.180.0 및 OrbitControls / GLTFLoader 모듈, MIT License: https://threejs.org/ https://github.com/mrdoob/three.js 전체 고지는 THREE-LICENSE.txt를 참조하세요. meshoptimizer 1.3.0(Meshopt 디코더), MIT License: Copyright (c) 2016-2026 Arseny Kapoulkine 전체 원문 고지는 MESHOPTIMIZER-LICENSE.txt에 변경 없이 제공합니다. fflate 0.8.2(three.js 번들을 통한 gzip 압축 해제), MIT: Copyright (c) 2023 Arjun Barrett 전체 원문 고지는 FFLATE-LICENSE.txt에 변경 없이 제공합니다. 탐색기는 모델을 gzip 데이터로 내장하며 Meshopt 디코더도 포함하므로 기본 아틀라스는 오프라인으로 사용할 수 있습니다. 다운로드 GLB는 EXT_meshopt_compression 지원이 필요합니다. Draco는 준비 단계의 원본 디코딩에만 사용했으며 해당 디코더를 실행용 탐색기에 포함하지 않았습니다. 선택 기능인 외부 참고 표본 — GLB에 포함되지 않음 1. "Pharynx and Floor of Mouth" University of Dundee, Technology and Innovation in Learning Team (TILT). 의학 일러스트 제작: Eve Laws. 해부학자: Luke Reid. https://www.dundee.ac.uk/tilt/medical-illustration/parapharyngeal-space https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/pharynx-and-floor-of-mouth-b262c70bf9bd49c2a5428581b754f24b CT 재구성과 디지털 조형을 사용했으며 제공자 메타데이터 기준 1,037,531개 면입니다. CC BY-NC-SA 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ 제공자의 공개 임베드로 별도 표시합니다. 다운로드, 편집, 공간적 합성 또는 oral-anatomy.glb 안에 포함하여 재배포하지 않았습니다. 2. "Upper Left Second Molar" Queen Mary University of London, Institute of Dentistry; MuCAT / Graham Davis. https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/upper-left-second-molar-cd766135210449ad87110dbeefa93af0 https://www.qmul.ac.uk/dentistry/people/profiles/grahamdavis.html 발치 치아의 마이크로 CT 표본이며 제공자 메타데이터 기준 789,151개 면입니다. 확인한 제공자 메타데이터에는 다운로드 라이선스가 없으며 다운로드 불가로 표시되어 있습니다. Creative Commons 재사용 라이선스를 주장하지 않습니다. 공개 임베드로만 표시하며 형상 데이터를 다운로드하거나 GLB에 포함하지 않았습니다. 3. "Lymphatic system: anatomy of a lymph node" E-learning UMCG. https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/lymphatic-system-anatomy-of-a-lymph-node-cc6896de8309441aabcefecb2d3f9b50 https://sketchfab.com/eLearningUMCG 의대 교육을 위한 림프절 단면 모형으로 제공자 메타데이터 기준 삼각형 191,842개입니다. 구강 림프절 스캔에 근거했다는 출처는 제공되지 않습니다. CC BY-NC-SA 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ 제공자의 공개 임베드로만 별도 표시합니다. 형상을 다운로드, 편집하거나 아틀라스 림프절에 정합하거나 oral-anatomy.glb에 포함하여 재배포하지 않습니다. 이 개별 참고 자료는 조립된 아틀라스에 정합한 환자 자료가 아닙니다. 각각 제공자의 조건과 서비스 제공 여부를 따릅니다. 선택 기능인 외부 임베드에는 인터넷이 필요하며, 내장된 기본 아틀라스에는 필요하지 않습니다. 해부학 참고 자료 OpenStax, Anatomy and Physiology 2e, section 23.3: https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/23-3-the-mouth-pharynx-and-esophagus 표면 표현의 해부학 참고 자료 — 이미지·원문을 복제하지 않음: Aparicio & Monje, Human Schwann Cells in vitro I: https://bio-protocol.org/en/bpdetail?id=4748&type=0 University of Leeds, The Histology Guide, Veins: https://histology.leeds.ac.uk/home/circulatory/veins/ Columbia University, Lymph Nodes: https://histologylab.ctl.columbia.edu/lab08/lymph-nodes/ 이 자료는 표현 방향에 참고했으며, 측정값으로 질감을 생성하거나 개인별 정확도를 검증하는 데 사용한 자료는 아닙니다. 원본 해부 데이터는 보증 없이 있는 그대로 제공됩니다. 이는 일반적인 교육용 해부 모델이며 개인별 재구성 또는 임상 검증 모델이 아닙니다. 혀의 유두, 미뢰, 여러 내재·소형 구조 및 완전한 치아 미세 조직층은 포함되지 않습니다.